Two-stroke-cycle explosion-engine.



1. AQHARDY. TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION ENGIN-E.

Patented 1311.11, 1916.

l APPLICATION FILED VNOV. I?, 1913.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET' 1.

J. A. HARDY.

TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 17. 1913'.

Patented Jan. 11,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Two-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION ENGINElv APPLICATION FILED NOV. I7. 1913. LJEQQBW Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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JEAN ALBERT HARDY, 0F LEVALLOIS-PERRET, FRANCE.

TWO-STROKE-CYGLE EXPLOSION-ENGINE.

Application led November 17, 19.13.

explosion engines in which the distribution l is effected by a sleeve-extension of the working piston and in which the sleeve in question carries an annular piston intended to compress the scavenging gases.

The invention has for object an engine of this type in which the sleeve-extension of the working pistons is provided with two annular pistons allowing of compressing freshair on one hand and the carbureted mixture on the other hand, so as to insure a double scavenging of the working cylinder.

The object of the invention is represented by way of example upon the annexed drawing which shows:

Figure 1 an axial section of a single cylinder engine and its piston. Fig. 2 a transverse section of the sleeve upon line 2-2 of Fig. 1 at the level of the ports for admitting the carbureted mixture. Fig. -3 a transverse section on line 3-3 of Fig. 1 at the level of the exhaust-ports. Fig. 4 an axial section of the cylinders of a two-cylinder engine constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 5 a transverse section on line'- of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 a transverse section on line G-G of Fig. 4:, at the level of the exhaustports. Fig. 7 a section through the distributer on line 7--7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 a rear view according to the arrow .fr in Fig. 5, the front wall of the distribution cylinder being removed. Fig. 9 a front view along the arrow 'y in Fig. 5, the cover plate being removed.

The engine consists of a cylinder a and a piston b, the latter having an extension in the form of a sleeve c which slides-around a fixed piston d. This sleeve carries two annular pistons e and f fitting in pump-casings i e and f whichvare of different bores. The

three staged pump-casings o e and f so formed are respectively intended, c fonthe scavenging air, e for the carbureted mixture, while f which does not serve for the scavenging, may be placed `in communication with the crank case or else be used as a special pump as will be seen hereafter.

'h cast with the cylinder.

Specification of Letters Patent. y Partanna-'5d an. jlfll, 1916.

Serial No. 801,556.

The vadmissions of air, on the one hand, and of` carbureted mixture on the other hand, take place automatically in the pumpcasings c and e respectively. There is provided for thispurpose in the wall of the vfixed piston d an opening c2 which communicates with the exterior air through the hollow central portion of the fixed piston d; this opening c2 is uncovered at the upper end of the stroke of the piston I) by openings o3 formed in the wall of the sleeve c above the annular piston e. Similarly there is provided in the wall of the fixed piston d an opening e2 which communicates with the car- .bureter through a passage d formed in the interior of this piston. The opening e2 is uncovered at the upper end of the stroke of the piston b by openings e3 formed in the wall of the sleeve c above the annular piston e. The openings e3 do not extend around the whole circumference of the sleeve but the blank portion e* (Fig. 2) registers with the port c2 thus preventing the sucking of air through this port into the chamber el forthe explosive mixture when the ports e3 arrive at the level of the port c2. The sleeve c is moreover provided, for the escapev of the burnt gases, with orifices g which when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke register with ports opening to an exhaust collector This collector is closed externally by a brass or steel ribbon It which is clamped upon an asbestos lining or gasket h2 by means of screws h3 f(see especially Fig. v

In order to insure a rapid evacuation of the exhaust gases and an efficacious scavenging ofthe cylinder by the fresh gases, there are given tothe head of the working piston Z) and to theexhaust collector h, on'the one hand and to the head d3 kof the fixed piston d and to the inlet ports e3 and c3, on the other hand, the arrangements shown in Figs.

collector Z2, `may be arranged so that it is uncovered a little before the others. There are likewise provided upon the head Z3 of the fixed piston d spiral ribs or grooves Z2 which are so arranged as to impart to the entering air or explosive mixture a swirling motion either in the same direction as that imparted to theexhaust by the guide vanes g1, it, in case a quick scavenge is desired or in the 'opposite direction if it is desired to prevent vloss of the freshly admitted explosive mixture.

An igniter z', in the form of a spark-plug or tube, is arranged on the side of the engine in a small chamber '2Q' of which the opening is uncovered by the orifices g when the piston comes near the tcp of its stroke.

The operation of the engine is as follows: During the upward movements of the engine piston the annular pistons @and f create a partial vacuum in the pump-casings 0 and e which become filled, the one with air, the other with carbureted mixture, when the ports c3 and c3 come in front of the openings c2 and e2. During the downward stroke of the engine piston, the air and the mixture are compressed intheir respective pumpcasings. The moment the ports c3 are uncovered by the edge of the fixed piston al, the air compressed in the pump casing c is driven into the cylinder and scavenges the burntl gases which escape through the ports g into exhaust collector ZL; a little later, the orifices e3 are in turn uncovered by the edge of the fixed piston (Z, in such a way that the carbureted mixture compressed in the pump-casing e lillsthe cylinder driving out the fresh air before it.

As already mentioned, the upper pumpcasing f can be connected to the crank case ofthe engine by a passage f2. It may also be employed as an independent air-pump. The distribution can be effected either by a valve or othendistributer or automatically by means of an arrangement similar to that of the pump-casings c and e. This` airpump can serve for compressing air for the u se of the engine (starting, injection of liquid fuel, temporary .use as compressed air motor for increasing the power of the engine, etc.) lIt can likewise be employed for external uses and form an engine pump group or self-contained unit of high efliciency, all intermediate transmissions being 55 air-compressor,

suppressed. This group can be utilized as v pump or aspirator for vacuum cleaning, etc. In order to increase the capacity of the pump, it suffices to increase the diameter of the annular piston f, but in this case it is necessary to use only a part of the stroke ofthe pumpcasing c', so as to deliver to the working cylinder only the desired volume of carbureted mixture; this .may be done by lowering the opening c2.

Figs. -l to 9 relate to the application of the invention lto a two-cylinder engine of which the pistons are set at 180 degrees. In this case the pump-casings c and f have the same bore; the lower pump casings o serve as air-pumps as before and the upperbodies f serve as mixture-pumps. The parts e comprised between the annular pistons e and f serve to connect the ports c2 delivering the carbureted mixture with the ports e3 formed in the sleeves c, above the annular pistons e. The pump casing f of the cylinder on the right is in constant communication with the intermediate space e of the cylinder on the left, and conversely the pump-casing f of the left-hand cylinder constantly communicates with the intermediate space e of the right hand cylinder. For this purpose the cylinders are provided with ports )C20 and e2 which communicate with a box f3 (see Figs. 5 and 9) placed on the front of the cylinders and closed by a cover f4; the ports f on the right communicate with the ports e2 on the left by the interior of the box, while the ports f2() on thev left communicate with'the orifices 62 on the right by the interior of the cover. Upon the opposite faceof the cylinders is placed the single distributer which serves the two cylinders. The distributer is formed by a piston Zc (Fig. 7 which is connected by a rod Zo to an eccentric (not shown) fixed at the center of the engine crankshaft. This 'piston /c reciprocates in a cylinder Z which is provided at its lower part with ports Z and Z2 (Fig. 8) for the admission of air to the cylinders and at its upper part with ports Z3 and Z4 for the admission of carbureted gases to the pump casings f; moreover this cylinder has openings Z5 near its center communicating .freely with the exterior, and the top Z of the cylinder is connected to the carbureter (not shown). The orifices Z which correspond to the righthand cylinder and theorifices Z2 which corres ond with the left-hand cylinder are offset by a certain height (see Fig. 8) the same applies to the orifices Z3 of the right-hand cylinder and Z4 of the left-hand cylinder. Passages Z7 and ZS respectively connect these orifices into the cylinders at the same height as the orificesZ and Z3. The distributer piston is divided by the diaphragm Zc4 into two chambers, of which the upper viz. Zeg always communicates with the carbureter and the lower 7c3 with the outer air by elongated openings 705 situated in front of the openings Z5 in the cylinder Z. This piston also carries in the part lf2 orifices Ze for admitting the mixture and in its portion 7c3 orifices la7 for the admission of air. These orifices Z5 and Z uncover the orifices Z and Z4 respectively when the distributer piston Ze is at the bottom of its* stroke and the orifices Z2 and Z3 when the said plston 1s Y at the top of its stroke.

At are placed the igniters.

The working of the engine is the following :-During the upward stroke of the engine piston b of the left-hand cylinder (Fig. 4), the annular piston c creates a depression in the pump casing c of this cylinder while the annular piston f (which is descending) of the right hand cylinder creates a depression in the pump-casing f of the cylinder; during this stroke, the distributer lc places the left-hand pump casing c and the right hand pump-casing f in communication respectively with the exterior air and the carbureter, so these pump-casings are filled, one with air, the other with carbureted mixture. But since the intermediate space e of the left-hand cylinder is always in communication by the box f3 with the pumpbody f of the right-hand cylinder, this intermediate space e is likewise filled with carbureted mixture. During the descending stroke of the left-hand piston b and therefore during the ascending stroke of the right-hand piston, the air is compressed in the left-hand pump body c and the mixture in the right-hand pump-body f', that is to say also in the left-hand intermediate space e. At the end of the descending stroke of the left-hand working piston, the orifices c3 and e3 will be uncovered successively, and there will be produced as in the case of the single-cylinder engine a scavenging by fresh air and then an admission of carbureted mixture. dently identical for the other cylinder of the engine. y

As seen in Fig. 6, the engine pistons and the exhaust collector are provided with vanes for assisting the flow of the exhaust gases and avoiding eddies.

What I cla'im and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. In an internal combustion engine, an explosion cylinder and a piston working therein, a sleeve extension for said piston, a pair of pump pistons spaced apart thereon, pump casings therefor, means for admitting air to one of said pump casings and an explosive mixture to the other, and ports in said sleeve for admitting the compressed air and mixture independently to the explosion cylinder, substantially as described.

2p In an interna-l combustion engine, an explosion cylinder and a piston working therein, a sleeve extension for said piston, a pair of pump pistons spaced apart thereon, pump casings therefor, means for admitting air to one of said pump casings and an explosive mixture to the other, and ports in said sleeve for admitting the compressed air and mixture independently and in succession to the working cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, an explosion c linder and a piston working therein, a sleeve extension for said piston,

The working is evi- Y a pair ofpump pistons spaced apart thereon,v pump casings therefor, said pump pistons and casing being of different diameter,

means for admitting air to one of said pump casings and an explosive mixture to the other,y and ports in said sleeve for admitting the compressed air and mixture independently to the explosion cylinder, substantially as described.

4. In an internal combustionv engine, an explosion cylinder and a piston working therein, a sleeve extension on said piston, a pair of pump pistons of different diameter spaced apart thereon, adjacent pump casings opening to one another for said pump pistons, the working chamber for the pump piston of smaller diameter forming above the piston a compression chamber open to the working chamber of the piston of larger diameter, and means for admitting an explosive mixture to the working face of the piston of larger diameter and air to the Working face of the smaller piston together with ports in said sleeve for admitting the compressed air and gas from the pump chambers to the working cylinder.

5. In an internal combustion engine, an

explosion cylinder and a piston working therein, a sleeve extension on said piston, a pair of pump pistons of different diameter spaced apart thereon, adjacent pump casings opening to one another for said pistons, the Working chamber for the pump piston of smaller diameter forming above the piston a compression chamber open tor the Working chamber of the piston of larger diameter, and means for admitting an explosive mixture to the working face of the piston of larger diameter and air to the working face of the smaller piston, together with ports in said sleeve for admitting the compressed air and gas from the pumpY chambers to the working cylinder in succession, first air thenv mixture, substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of pump pistons spaced apart, pump casings therefor, and ports above and below one of said pistons opening from the pump chambers to the working cylinder at the end of the pump compression stroke, substantially as described. p

7. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of pump pistons spaced apart, pump casings therefor, and ports above and below one of said pistons opening in succession from the pump chambers to the working cylinder at the end of the pump compression stroke, substantially as described.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of ump pistons spaced apart, pump casings therefor, and ports above and below one of said pistons opening in succession from the pump chambers to the working cylinder at the end of the pump compression stroke, together with means for admitting air and explosive mixture to the respective pump chambers on the return stroke of said pump pistons.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of pump pistons spaced apart, pump casings therefor, and ports above and below one of said pistons, together with means for admitting air and explosive mixture respectively through said ports to the respective pump chambers on the return stroke of said pump pistons.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of pump pistons spaced apart thereon, pump casing therefor forming pump chambers in which a vacuum is produced during the return stroke of the motor piston, means for admitting air and explosive mixture respectively to the pump chambers toward the endv of said return stroke of the motor piston and means for admitting said pump, compressed air and mixture independently from the pump chambers to the motor cylinder at the end of the Working stroke of the motor piston.

11. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder, a piston therein, a sleeve extension of said piston provided with a pair of pump pistons spaced apart thereon, pump casings therefor forming pump chambers in which a vacuum is produced during the return stroke of the motor piston, means for admitting air and explosive mixture respectively to the pump chambers toward the end of said return stroke of the motoil piston and means for admitting compressed air and mixture independently and in succession from the pump chambers to the motor cylinder at the end of the working stroke of the motor piston.

12. In an internal combustionl engine, an

explosion cylinder, a motor piston working therein, a sleeve extension therefor having a piston head and ports in the sleeve and on opposite sides of said piston head for admitting independently and in succession to the explosion cylinder, compressed. air throughone port and compressed explosive mixture through the other port, substantially as described.

13. In an internal combustion engine, an

explosion cylinder, a motor piston working therein, a sleeve extension therefor and ports spaced apart on said sleeve opening in succession to the explosion cylinder at the end of the working stroke of its piston, chambers respectively communicating with said ports and means carried by said sleeve extension for forming therein respectively supplies of air and explosive mixture under pressure, substantially as described.

14. In an internal combustion engine, an explosion cylinder, and a piston Working therein, a sleeve extension for said piston, a pair of pump pistons spaced apart on said sleeve, casing means forming a mid-chamber `between the two pump pistons and two end chambers within which said pistons respectively work, means for separately admitting air and explosive mixture one to the mid-chamber between the pistons and the other to one of the end chambers, ports in said sleeve for admitting the air and explosive mixture from said chambers to the explosion cylinder, and a port opening to the other end chamber, for the purpose described.

15. In an internal combustion engine,` an explosion cylinder, a conchoidal exhaust-co1- lecting chamber communicating therewith and arcuate vanes for guiding the exhaust discharge into said collecting chamber from the explosion cylinder without sudden change of direction of the exhaust gases.

16. In an internal combustion engine, an explosion cylinder, a conchoidal exhaustcollecting chamber communicating theref Aname to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. y

JEAN ALBERT HARDY.

Witnesses:

HANSON C. CoxE, LEON GEILLET. 

